Updated12 March 2019
2.6 (for Linux and Mac OS X) // Edition Statement // The official site of KeePass only provides Windows editions (setup and portable for all Windows), but you need run it through Mono for Linux, Mac OS X, BSD, etc. KeePassXC is open-source software designed for professional computer users, and the relatively basic support reflects this. There’s a PDF user manual, an FAQ, and a blog, and that’s about it.
- Currently, python-keepassx does not support creating kdb files (though this is a planned feature). For now you will have to download keepassx and create your own kdb files. Another powerful feature of keepassx worth investivating is using keyfiles. Python-keepassx supports keyfiles via the -k argument or the KPKEYFILE environment.
- KeePassX is an application for people with extremly high demands on secure personal data management. It has a light interface, is cross platform and published under the terms of the GNU General Public License. KeePassX saves many different information e.g. User names, passwords, urls, attachments and comments in one single database.
KeePassXC is a cross-platform, free and open source (FOSS) password manager that allows you to store all of your passphrases in one secure, portable database.
- The ability to save all of your passphrases in one encrypted database
- The ability to copy and paste those passphrases so you do not have to memorise them
- The ability to generate completely random passphrases
- The ability to encrypt notes and files attached to the entries in your password database
KeePassXC is a tool that helps you store and manage various passphrases inside an encrypted database file. This file is encrypted to a master passphrase that you create. KeePassXC can also generate strong passphrases for your accounts.
Because this database is encrypted, you can store copies in various places, which makes backup relatively easy. We do not recommend sending your database by email or storing it online where it might be accessed by others, but many KeePassXC users keep a copy on their primary computer, a copy on a USB memory stick and a copy on their backup drive.
In the sections that follow, you will learn how to:
- Create password database and set a master passphrase
- Save your newly created password database
- Generate a random password for a particular service or account
- Extract passwords from KeePassXC when you need them
- Change your master passphrase
1.0. Things you should know about KeePassXC before you start
If you use KeePassXC consistently for a particular account or passphrase, you may not need to remember that passphrase at all. In fact, you never even need to see it. You can simply copy it from KeePassXC and paste it into the login or password screen. (KeePassXC will wipe it from your clipboard memory when you're done.) Furthermore, the random passphrases that KeePassXC generates are typically much stronger than the ones we come up with ourselves.
1.1. Other tools like KeePassXC
KeePassXC is available for GNU Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. Similar tools include:
- KeePass2Android: Free and open-source software for Android. Its database format is compatible with KeePassXC.
- MiniKeePass: Free and open-source software for iPhone. Its database format is compatible with KeePassXC.
- 1Password: a commercial product available for Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, iPhone and iPad.
To download and install KeePassXC, follow the steps below:
Step 1. Visit the KeePassXC download site: https://keepassxc.org/download/
Figure 1: KeePassXC download page
Step 2. Click on the Binary bundle for macOS 10.10 and later link to download KeePassXC.
Step 3. Save it to Downloads folder.
Figure 2: Saved KeePassXC .dmg file in Downloads folder
Step 4. In the Finder window, find the downloaded file and double click to mount it as a disk image. It will show up under Devices in the sidebar of the Finder window.
Note: In this guide, we'll be installing KeePassXC in the Applications folder of the desktop. But remember that you can also install and use it on portable media, such as a USB flash memory stick or external disk drive. If you choose install it on a USB flash memory stick, you will be able to launch the application using other computers with compatible operating systems. (Since it is a cross-platform tool, you can also save a version of KeePassXC for each operating system on your USB drive along with your personal database, enabling you to open and use your database on any other computer.)
Figure 3: Drag the KeePassXC app into Applications folder
Step 5. Drag the KeePassXC icon into the Applications folder.
Step 6. Before we start using KeePassXC, we should unmount (or 'eject') the KeePassXC disk image. Find KeePassXC under Devices in the Finder sidebar. Click on the {eject} icon next to it in the sidebar to unmount the disk image.
Step 7. Click on Applications folder on left side of Finder window and find KeePassXC
Figure 4: KeePassXC in Applications folder
Step 8. Double click on KeePassXC to lounch it.
Figure 5: Confirm that you want to lounch KeePassXC
Step 9. Confirm that you want to open it by clicking on Open button.
After launching KeePassXC, follow the steps below to create and save a password database.
Figure 1: KeePassXC with no database open
Step 1. ClickCreate new database in the KeePassXC window.
KeePassXC will activate a windows so you can choose a location for your new password database and give it a name.
Figure 2: Choosing a name and location for your password database
Step 2. Navigate to the location where you want to save your database
In this example, we will save our KeePassXC database on the Desktop, but you can put it anywhere. If you store it on a USB flash memory stick along with a copy of the KeePassXC application, for example, you will be able to access and use your database from other computers. (As long as you trust those computers not to be infected by malware!)
Step 3. Type a filename into the Save As box
Tip: In this example, we name our database my-database.kdbx, but you can name it anything you like. If you are worried that someone with access to your computer might see this file and demand that you give them your master passphrase, you might want to come up with something less conspicuous. If you add a different 'extension' to the end off the filename, for example, your operating system will usually give it a more 'normal looking' icon. You could name your password database 'Recipes.docx,' for example, or 'Rental Agreement.pdf'. But keep in mind that if you give your password database a name that does not end in '.kdbx', you will not be able to double-click the file to open it in KeePassXC. You will have to launch KeePassXC first, then open your database using the menu. Luckily, KeePassXC remembers the last database you opened, so you won't have to do this often.
Figure 3: Choosing a name and location for your password database
Step 4. Click[Save]
Important: Your master passphrase will be used to encrypt your password database. This is how KeePassXC protects all of the other passphrases it stores, so it is extremely important that you choose a strong master passphrase and that you not use it anywhere else. Unfortunately, this passphrase must also be memorable. (You obviously can't keep your KeePassXC master passphrase inside KeePassXC, but writing it down might defeat the purpose of using an encrypted database in the first place. And if you forget it, you will lose access to everything in your database.) So take your time and come up with something strong and memorable. For more advice, see the Create and maintain secure passwords guide.
Figure 4: Choosing a passphrase for your KeePassXC password database
Step 5. Choose a strong, memorable master passphrase and type it into the Enter password and Repeat password fields.
Note: If you want to check your master passphrase (assuming nobody else can see your screen), click the button. To hide your passphrase, click the same button again.
Step 6. Click[OK].
Figure 5: A new, empty, saved KeePassXC password database
This will create and automatically save your KeePassXC database. Now make sure you can find and re-open it using your master passphrase before you start adding entries to it.
Step 7. ClickDatabase and SelectClose database from the KeePassXC menu
Figure 6: Closing a KeePassXC database
Now find and re-open your KeePassXC database using your master password.
Step 8. ClickDatabase and SelectOpen database from the KeePassXC menu
Figure 7: Opening a KeePassXC database
KeePassXC will activate a file browser so you can locate your password database.
Figure 8: Locating your KeePassXC database
Step 9. Navigate to the location where you saved your database and click the file.
Step 10. Click[Open]
Figure 9: Entering your master passphrase
Step 11. Type the master passphrase for this KeePassXC password database.
Step 12. Click[OK]
Figure 10: Re-opened, empty password database
Tip: If you were unable to open your database because you forgot the master passphrase, you will have to generate a new one. There is no way to recover a lost passphrase.
4.1 Create a new group if needed
Follow the steps below to create a new Group. In this example, we will create a group called 'Email'.
Step 1. To create a new group entry, click[Groups > Add new group] from the KeePassXC menu.
Figure 1: Creating a new group in KeePassXC
Step 2.Type the name of your group in the Name box.
Figure 2: Naming a new group in KeePassXC
Step 3.Click[OK].
4.2. Create a new password entry
Follow the steps below to create a new entry in your KeePassXC password database.
Step 4. Make sure the correct Group is selected.
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Figure 1: Selecting a group for your new entry
Step 5. Click the button.
Figure 2: The Add Entry screen
The Add Entry screen allows you to store information about a particular account or passphrase inside your KeePassXC database. Most of this information is optional.
Key elements include:
- Title: A name to describe this particular entry.
- Password: Your passphrase for this account. You can enter a passphrase manually or click the button next to the Repeat field to generate a random passphrase. (See the following section for more about the Password Generator.) You can make your passphrase visible by clicking the button with the button just to the right of the Password field.)
- Repeat: Confirm that you have entered the correct passphrase by typing it a second time.
Optional elements include:
- Username: The username associated with this entry.
- URL: The website associated with the password entry.
- Expires: You can add a reminder for yourself to change the password at a specific time (every six months, for example) by clicking the Expires box.
- Notes: Here you can enter general notes about the entry. Examples might include server configuration information, links to privacy policies, chosen 'security questions,' etc. Your comments will be encrypted, along with your passwords, when you close the database. While the entry is open, however, your notes will be visible to anyone who can see your screen.
You can change the icon for this entry or add an attachment (which will be encrypted along with everything else) by selecting the corresponding category in the left-most column.
Note: Creating or modifying the password entries in KeePassXC does not change the passwords on your actual account! Think of KeePassXC as a secure electronic sheet of paper for your passwords. It only stores what you write in it, nothing more.
Step 6. Type the relevant information for the account or passphrase you want to store in your KeePassXC database.
Figure 3: Filling out the Add Entry form
Note: If you’d like to generate a new, random passphrase for this entry using KeePassXC’s Password Generator, see the following section.
Step 7. Click[OK].
Figure 4: New entry created but not yet saved
Important: Notice the asterisk (*) after my-database.kdbx in the title bar. This means you have made changes to your database but have not yet saved them. As with any electronic documents, you must save your password database whenever you update it. Otherwise your changes will be lost.
Step 8. Click the button to save your password database.
4.3 Generating random passphrases
It is possible to create a strong passphrase yourself, but it is difficult. And it is especially difficult if you expect your passphrase to be memorable. It is much easier to generate a long, complex and completely random passphrase that is nearly impossible to remember but guaranteed to be strong. KeePassXC provides a Password Generator to help with this process. If you are willing and able to rely on KeePassXC every time you need to enter a particular passphrase, you should consider adopting this strategy.
You can generate a random passphrase while creating a new entry or while editing an existing entry. To do so, follow the steps below when you get to the Add entry or Edit entry screens.
Figure 1: Editing or creating an entry
Step 1.Click the button next to the Repeat box.
Figure 2: The KeePassXC Random Password Generator
The KeePassXC Password Generator allows you to specify the length of your passphrase and the types of characters from which it will be created. We will stick with the defaults in this example, so our random passphrase will be 16 characters long and will contain upper-and lower-case letters and numbers.
Tip: As long as nobody else can see your screen, you can view the randomly generated passphrase by clicking the button to the right of the second Password box. (The one that contains a hidden passphrase.) Clicking the same button again will hide your passphrase.
Step 2.Click[Apply].
KeePassXC will automatically enter the randomly generated passphrase into the Password and Repeat fields. If this entry already contained a passphrase, it will be replaced by the new one when you click OK.
Figure 3: A KeePassXC entry with a randomly generated passphrase
Step 3.Click[OK].
Figure 4: A new or edited entry with a randomly generated passphrase
Step 4.Save your KeePassXC database.
4.4. Editing an existing password entry
You can edit existing entries to change your password or modify other details. If nothing else, you should change your passwords periodically.
Important: If you rely on KeePassXC to record your passphrase for a particular account – rather than memorising it – don't forget to sign in to your account before generating a new passphrase in KeePassXC. Otherwise, you might replace the passphrase in your KeePassXC entry, save your database, and find that you can no longer sign in to your account. If this happens to you, there is a History screen, for each password entry. (It is shown on the left-hand side of Figure 3, below.) You can use this feature to access previous passphrases for this entry.
To edit an entry, follow the steps below:
Step 1. Select the group from the list on the left-hand side of the window to see the entries in that group.
Figure 1: Choosing a group in the main KeePassXC database window
Step 2.Ctrl-click the chosen entry and selectView/Edit entry.
Figure 2: Selecting a KeePassXC entry to view or edit
This will open the selected entry for editing.
Figure 3: Viewing or editing a KeePassXC entry
With an open entry, you can add new information or edit existing information, including the passphrase. You can also use the button to generate a new, random passphrase. When you are done, you can save your changes by following the steps below.
Step 3.Click[OK].
Figure 4: A modified KeePassXC entry
Step 4.Click the button to save your password database.
Note: Remember that making changes to a KeePassXC entry only updates the KeePassXC database. It does not automatically update corresponding information elsewhere. If you change an account or login passphrase, you will need to make changes both to the account and to your KeePassXC entry.
One of the best features of KeePassXC is that it safely stores long, strong passphrases so you do not have to memorize them (or reuse them, which is extremely risky). KeePassXC lets you copy your passphrases from the database and paste them directly into relevant password or login screens. (Passphrases copied in this way will only remain in your clipboard for about 10 seconds. So if someone with physical access to your device comes along behind you and tries to paste into an empty document, your passphrases will not be exposed.)
5.1 Sign into an account using KeePassXC
In this example, we’ll sign into a webmail account by copying and pasting a passphrase from our KeePassXC entry for the Riseup email service.
Step 1.Browse to the login screen of your service provider.
Figure 1: A Riseup email login screen
Step 2. Type your username.
Note: If you entered a Username for this entry in KeePassXC, you can copy it to the clipboard with the Ctrl-click menu. You can then paste it into the login screen rather than typing it.
Step 3. Switch to KeePassXC.
Figure 2: Finding the appropriate entry in your KeePassXC password database
Step 4. Click the Group to which your entry belongs.
Step 5. Ctrl-click the appropriate entry and selectCopy password.
Figure 3: Copying a passphrase using the ctrl-click menu
Step 6. Switch back to the login screen
Step 7. Ctrl-click in the password box and selectPaste.
Figure 4: Pasting a passphrase into a login screen
You should see a (hidden) passphrase appear in the Password box.
Figure 5: Pasting a passphrase into a login screen
Step 8. Click[Login].
Figure 6: Successfully signed in using KeePassXC
Note:Select Never Save or Don't Save to refuse your browser's offer to save the password. We do not recommend saving passwords in your browser.
Tip: For easier copying, switching between applications and pasting, practice using keyboard shortcuts:
- Select the Group, Click the entry, press and hold the Command key, then press c to copy your passphrase.
- Click inside the Password box, Press and hold the Command key, then press v to paste that passphrase.
- You can use Command-b instead of Command-c to copy a username (instead of a passphrase) from within KeePassXC
- To switch between open windows quickly, you can Press and hold the Command key, then press the Tab key
6.1 Lock and close KeePassXC
Leaving your KeePassXC password database open is a bit like storing your valuables in a vault and forgetting to close the door. Anyone with access to your computer for a few seconds can duplicate everything in it. So, when you're not actively copying and pasting passphrases, you should close your database. You will have to enter your master passphrase next time you need to lookup an entry, but that's a good thing.
KeePassXC includes a few optional settings designed to make this easier, including the ability to lock your database automatically. Follow the steps below to enable this feature and to practice locking your database in a hurry.
Step 1. ClickTools and selectSettings from the KeePassXC menu bar, as shown below
Figure 1: Selecting KeePassXC Preferences
This will activate the Settings screen
Figure 2: The KeePassXC Settings screen
Step 2. ClickSecurity from the list of categories on the left
Figure 3: KeePassXC Security settings
In this example, we will configure KeePassXC to lock automatically after one minute.
Figure 4: Configuring KeePassXC to lock automatically
Step 3. Check the Lock database after inactivity of box
Step 4. Type a number of seconds in the field to the right
Tip: You can also change the number of seconds that KeePassXC leaves copied passphrases in the clipboard before deleting them. If the default 10 seconds does not feel like enough, you might want to change the value in Clear clipboard to 20 or 30 seconds.
Step 5. Click[OK]
You can also lock your password database manually. Follow the steps below to practice saving and locking your database quickly.
Step 6. PressCommand-s to save your password database. (You can also click the button.)
Step 7. PressCommand-llock your password database. (You can also click the button.)
Figure 5: A locked database in KeePassXC
To open your database again, follow the steps below.
Figure 6: Opening a locked KeePassXC database
Step 8. Type your master passphrase into the Password box.
Step 9. Click[OK].
6.2 Back up your KeePassXC database
You should create multiple copies of your password database and try to keep at least one backup that is relatively up-to-date. All of your backup copies will be protected by your master passphrase, so it is generally safe to store them on regular, unencrypted hard drives and USB memory sticks.
To make a backup copy of your password database, follow the steps below:
Step 1. Navigate to your password database. Ctrl-click your password database and SelectCopy
Figure 1: Locating your password database and copying it
Step 2. Navigate to another location. In this example, we use a USB memory stick. Ctrl-click in the location you have chosen and SelectPaste.
Figure 2: Pasting a backup copy of your password database to location for your backup
Step 3. Ctrl-click the backup copy of your password database and SelectRename.
Figure 3: Choosing a new name for your backup copy
Step 4. Type a new name for your backup copy so you don't get it confused with your master copy.
Step 5. PressEnter.
Figure 4: A new password database backup
Tip:KeePassXC does not automatically update all copies of a database when changes are made. You have to do this manually. It’s a good habit to regularly replace backup copies of your KeePassXC database. That way you won’t lose all of your new entries if you misplace your database file.
6.3. Resetting your master passphrase
You can change the master passphrase for a KeePassXC database any time. To change your master passphrase, follow the steps below.
Step 1. ClickDatabase and selectChange master key from the KeePassXC menu bar, as shown below:
Figure 1: Changing your master passphrase
This will activate the Change Master Key screen.
Figure 2: Choosing a new master passphrase
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Step 2.Choose a strong passphrase and type it into the Enter password and Repeat password boxes.
Step 3.Click[OK].
Step 4. Click the button to save your database.
6.4 Importing a password database from KeePass or older versions of KeePassXC
KeePassXC can open a KeePassX password database as long as it was created with a relatively recent version of KeePassX. However, the password database format used in older versions of KeePassX (including version 0.4.3) is no longer maintained. If you have a password database that was created using an old version of KeePassX, or using KeePass, you should import it into KeePassXC and re-save it. To do so, follow the steps below.
In this example, we will assume that you already have an up-to-date password database open in KeePassXC, but you can also import databases into a fresh installation of KeePassXC.
Step 1. ClickDatabase and selectImport KeePass 1 database, as shown below.
Figure 1: Importing an older password database
In this example, we will import a file called 'old-database.kdb' located on the Desktop.
Step 2. Navigate to the location of your older password database.
Figure 2: Locating your older KeePass password database
Step 3. Select the password database file.
Step 4. Click[Open].
Step 5. Type the master passphrase for your older password database.
Figure 3: Entering the master passphrase for your older password database
Step 6. Click[OK].
Note: If you already have a database open, KeePassXC will open your older database in a second tab
Figure 4: A second, older password database open in a second tab
You can save this database normally and it will be converted to the current KeePassXC database format.
Step 7. To save your older database in the new format ClickDatabase and selectSave database as..., as shown below.
Figure 5: Saving an up-to-date copy of an older password database
In this example, we are saving our imported password database to the Desktop and naming it 'imported-db.kdbx'.
Step 8. Navigate to the location where you would like to store a new copy of this password database.
Step 9. Type a filename for your new password database into the File name box.
Figure 6: Choosing a location and a name for your updated password database
Step 10. Click[Save].
Your imported database is now up-to-date and should contain all of the entries it had before. You can access and modify it normally using up-to-date versions of KeePassXC and its original master passphrase.
Note: Don't be confused by the filename displayed in the KeePassX title bar or tab. It will reflect the previous name of this password database, even when you are opening an imported, up-to-date file. (Note the 'old-keepassx-db.kdb' in the figure above. In fact, this database is now called 'imported-db.kdbx'.)
Q: On the outside chance that I forget my master password, is there anything I can do to access retrieve my saved passphrases?
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A: Nope. There is nothing you can do in that situation. To prevent this from happening, you could use some of the methods for remembering passphrases that are described in the Create and maintain strong passwords guide.
Q: And if I uninstall or remove KeePassXC, what will happen to my passwords?
A: The program will be deleted from your computer, but your database (stored in a .kdbx file) will remain. You can open this file at any time in the future if you install KeePassXC again.
Q: I think I accidentally deleted the database file!
A: Hopefully you made a backup beforehand. Make sure you haven't simply forgotten where you stored the file in the first place. Search your computer for a file with a .kdbx extension.
Almost every other month a major website announces that their user database has been hacked. As Lifehacker pointed out, KeePass would have helped you keep relatively safe in case of websites getting their user info stolen. I don't care whether you use KeePass, which I discuss here, as long as you use some password manager (e.g. LastPass is excellent too).
First off, why even bother with password managers? You should use KeePass (or similar password management software), because:
- using the same simple password for multiple sites is risky, as when security is breached for one of those websites, hackers can use that same login information for all the other sites as well;
- it's a hassle having to remember your passwords, especially the ones that you have to change periodically;
- the feeling of moral superiority you get when someone else forgets their password;
- couple of other reasons, if you're interested: http://pzxc.com/use-a-password-manager-already.
This is not a guide to how to use the KeePass software itself (see here or official site for that), but practical steps to take when starting to use it (on Windows; works about the same on Macs and Linux). Also, you can use expensive flash drives that protect your passwords (like this shiny Kingston one), but there’s no need to rely on proprietary solutions. All you need is KeePass, which is free, Dropbox and a tiny flash drive to have permanent access to your secure passwords. If you're like me and prefer your software to be open-source and privacy-respecting, try SyncThing or any other ones mentioned on this GitHub page (hat-tip Parker for pointing me to that treasure trove of software).
What is KeePass?
KeePass is software that can open .kdb (‘Keepass DataBase’) files. All your passwords are stored in this one database file, which sits like any other file on your computer. You need to open the file with KeePass, and enter a password to gain access to the database. So to access all your passwords at any time, you need:
- KeePass software - download version 2 if you're just getting started (see here for comparison between v1 and v2)
- your .kdb database file
- a master password you have memorized (only password you’ll ever need)
How to start
- Download the portable version of the software (so you don’t have to install it but can run it straight away), available here (right top, ‘Portable KeePass’ under ‘Professional Edition’; install into Dropbox or a flash drive serving as portable digital key)
- Open KeePass, create your database, and start entering your accounts into the database. Go to all your accounts online and change the passwords into KeePass-generated passwords (see here or official site for tutorial)
- For the master password select a very strong password (http://howto.wired.com/wiki/Choose_a_Strong_Password)
How to continue
The beginning is a bit boring, because you have to enter all your accounts. After that, it’s easy. First, you need to make sure you have access to your passwords everywhere. To do this:
- Have one copy of your database available ‘in the cloud’, i.e. in gmail, dropbox, google drive, or on your personal site. This should be a (zipped) folder that contains KeePass portable, and your database file. I keep my KeePass folder in dropbox. If you store it on, for example, gmail, you have to update it manually every few weeks to keep passwords up-to-date. Some people will criticise keeping your .kdb in the cloud, but if you use a decent master password it will take many years to crack the encryption, so I chose convenience. If you're someone more important than me, re-consider keeping your database in the cloud and instead go for e.g. a small flash drive in your wallet.
- Buy a tiny USB drive that fits in your wallet (I use this) and put your database on there, including the KeePass portable software. This is great for e.g. travelling (remember: not a problem if you lose it, database is encrypted and requires your master password)
- Add to your KeePass folder -which already contains KeePass portable and your database - the KeePass software for Mac in case you end up on a Mac. Download here: http://keepass2.openix.be/ (download the ‘binary package’ dmg file). Now you can just install KeePass on a Mac by installing the dmg file.
- In case you end up on a Linux system, I’ve had luck so far using
but if that doesn’t do it for you, try following this guide
Get faster
If you remember a few shortcuts, life gets much easier:
- ctrl-alt-a when on any website you’ve stored a password for will auto-fill username and password. Doesn’t always work.
- ctrl-alt-k opens your database.
- ctrl-v when highlighting an entry changes to your browser and enters username + password, starting in the field that was active (i.e. you must’ve clicked in the ‘username’ box)
- ctrl-c when highlighting an entry copies the password for you to paste into required field. Password is cleared from memory after 10 seconds
- ctrl-f. Remember this, vital once you get quite a few passwords.
This is what I usually do: you go to your website, ctrl-alt-a doesn’t work, so you do ctrl-alt-k (opens KeePass), then you ctrl-f to search entry, e.g. type ‘face’ to find facebook, and it’s highlighted. Then you do ctrl-v to paste all info to the website. Play around, it’s very powerful!
Other tips
You can store other information as well. I have my passport details in there, including a scan of my passport. I also keep my wireless password, secret questions for websites + their answers, and many other things in there. There are also -tons- of plugins for Keepass - a helpful reader suggested syncing the database with Google Drive through the KPGoogleSync plugin. This will make your .kdb available anywhere with internet and provide a backup to your flash drive or hard disk at home.
In case you are unlucky after all and your gmail gets hacked (after which they almost always clear all your emails…), make sure you’ve backed up your gmail messages to your computer. Google offers some helpful tools that let you download all your data.
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